Navigate Reading The Carrot or The Stick slides 72/73
Watch the Vox Pop “Rules” and answer the questions
Navigate Past Modals slide 150, ex-es 2,3

Are you expected to work or check emails or mobile phones outside working hours? How do you feel about that?

In our school we are expected to check our emails, because there can be important ones, for example about meetings, events and so on. I feel okay about it, there aren’t a lot of emails and it’s definitely not like the working peoples’ emails.

What do you find motivates you to workhard? Do you respond better to a stick or a carrot?

I think the vision of the result and the good feeling you get afterward are what motivate me. Of course higher grades motivate me too. I respond better to a carrot, because responding to a stick and being afraid of punishment is really stressful and distracting. When you respond better to a carrot you work hard for great result, and the greater the result the better the reward.

2. Complete the conversations using an appropriate modal verb of deduction and the verb in brackets.

1. A Where on earth are Olga and Bogdan? They should’ve been here half an hour ago.
   B Well, they may have gotten lost. They’ve never been here before, I don’t think.
2. A The bill is $75!
   B That can’t be right. I think they must have overcharged us.
3. A Erica hasn’t been in touch yet.
   B Well, she might not have gotten your message asking her to call you.
4. A I had a drink with Andrew Horton last night.
   B That can’t have been fun! He just seems to talk about work all the time, doesn’t he?
5. A I didn’t see you at the reception last night.
   B Oh, we migh have just missed each other. I left quite early — at about 7.30 a.m.

3. Complete the second sentence using an appropriate modal verb of deduction so the meaning is the same.

1. Maybe she missed the bus.
   She might’ve missed the bus.
2. I’m sure there was some mistake.
   There must’ve been a mistake.
3. Perhaps he didn’t understand.
   He might’ve not understood.
4. I’m sure they didn’t realize.
   They could’ve not realized.
5. It’s possible Karen went home early.
   Karen might’ve gone home early.