Navigate Upper-Intermediate Writing and reading / Describing a scene in detail slide 104, ex 7

7. Read the two descriptions of the cafe in the first photo in exercise 1. What is missing in the first text?

The first text lacks the describtion of the feeling of sitting in the restaurant.

The bitter aroma of coffe mixing with the sweet smell of the Majestic’s famous almond tarts starts to make you feel hungry as you sitcomfortably in the solid wooden chairs. On the tablr is a stiff white tablecloth, just waiting for you to cover it with delicious food and drink. You might order a pastel de nata, a feast of crisp pastry and a smooth, rich yellow cream filling.

If the cafe is busy, it can be quite noisy as the clatter of cups and saucers and cutlery bounces off the high ceilings; but even the tourists tend to murmur quietly, as if in a sacred place.

People love to laugh, and on average, an adult laughs about 17 times a day. It feels so natural to us, but the interesting part is that humans are one of the few species that actually laugh. Laughter isn’t just a reaction—it’s a complex response that involves the same skills we use when solving problems.

Laughter happens as a reaction to something funny. It has two main parts: certain facial expressions and the production of sound. When we laugh, our brain makes us do both at the same time. And when we laugh really hard, it affects multiple parts of our body, even our arms, legs, and core muscles.

Laughter also has a social role. It’s a way of showing others that we want to connect with them. Many scientists believe that laughter exists to help build and strengthen relationships. It happens when people feel comfortable and free, and the more they laugh together, the stronger their bond becomes.

Navigate B1+ Grammar/slide 155- 1,2,3

1. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences.

1. We had lovely sunny weather for the whole week.
2. Mine are the black leather boots by the door.
3. My in-laws live in a lovely little village just outside Durham.
4. I’ve just sold a 19th-century silver plate for $500.
5. The guy with short dark hair is Jim, and the one wearing the red and white football shirt is Luke.
6. We watched an old black-and-white French film last night.

2. Rewrite the sentences to include the adjective or adjectives in brackets in the correct position. Add and if needed.

1. We had fantastic weather on holiday. (sunny)
   We had fantastic sunny weather on holiday.
2. We saw lots of amazing architecture. (16th-century)
   We saw lots of amazing 16th-century architecture.
3. We had some homemade cake. (chocolate/delicious)
   We had some delicious homemade chocolate cake.
4. Jenny was wearing a dress. (silk/long/beautiful/red-and-gold)
   Jenny was wearing a beautiful long red-and-gold silk dress.

3. Put the words in brackets in the right order to complete the text.

The Tah Mahal is a truly incredible structural achievement and the most famous example of 17th-century Indo-Islamic architecture anywhere. Its stunning visual beausty has a combination of arches and domes and light and shadow. The beauty of the building is enhanced by its green sub-tropical surroundings and the clear blue sky above it. The white ornate walls, which are embedded with thousands of wonderful semi-precious stones, constantly change colour during the day as the sun changes its position in the sky. The large domed chamber, which houses the final resting places of the Emperor Shah Jahan and his wife Mumtaz Mahal, is at the centre of the building. There are four tall round imposing minarets at each corner of the main chamber. The view as you walk through the majestic main gate which stands in the centre of the southern wall is one that a visitor will never forget.

Navigate Watch the video and do the ex.3 slide 95
Navigate Review slide 96, ex-es 1,2,3a, 5 a, b

3. Choose the best summary of the video.

B. The video first discusses how the weather can affect our moods. It then explains theimpact of Rjukan’s geography on its citizens and tells us a little about the history of the town. Finally, it describes how the geographical problem has now been at least partially solved.

1. Choose the correct words to complete the text. In some cases, both forms are possible.

How to get used to working the night shift

People usually find it quite hard to switch from working during the day to working at night.
Although you may be used to staying up late, it’s completely different when you have to do it every night.

When I first started working nights, I would just nap during the day, but I soon realised that it’s really important to get a proper sleep. Turn off the phone and if your family usually make a lot of noise during the day, ask them to go out!

Make sure you eat really well. I used to think that it was ok to eat junk food at night. THe sugar helped me to stay awake. But I put on a lot of weight, and started to feel more and more tired.

Finally, don’t forget your friends. If you usually meet during the evening, you may miss out on social occasions, and it’s easy to start to feel isolated.

2. Complete the sentences, using the correct form (adjective or adverb) of the words in brackets.

1. It is dangerous to stand under a tree in a thunderstorm.
2. It frequently rains in the winter.
3. The music sounded beautiful.
4. Luckily, the weather was absolutely perfect.
5. I rarely carry an umbrella.
6. It was raining a little when we left, but it stopped pretty quickly.

3a. Complete the sentences with suitable words from the box in the correct form, adjective or adverb.

1. I hateartificial flowers, they look false.
2. I find winter a bit depressing, I feel down when I don’t get any sunshine.
3. It is considerably hotter in Spain than in the UK.
4. I automatically check if I have my keys before I leave the hous; it’s just a habit now.
5. It was a magical moment when we told the kids about the holiday. They were so excited.
6. I think her family were originally from Wales, but they’ve lived in England for many years now.

5a. Replace the underlined words in each sentence so that it has the same (S) or an opposite (O) meaning.

1. I slept like a log last night. (O)
2. Whn I checked, the children were fast asleep. (O)
3. I know someone who always has a little snooze at his desk after lunch. (S)
4. He accidentally stepped on my foot. (O)
5. The company stopped trading after they had lost money. (S)
6. Praise can encourage people to learn. (O)

b. Choose three of the words or phrases in exercise 5a and write sentences about yourself or your experiences.

I’m usually fast asleep right after laying in bed.
Sometimes I can’t sleep a wink at night.
It feels wonderful when your work gets the praise you wanted.

Navigate Reading Some facts about the sleep that may surprise you / slide 89
Watch the voxpop and answer the questions in written form.
Navigate Upper Intermediate slide 90 ex-es 5, 6, 7,8a

Do you find it easy to get to sleep?

Yes, it’s very easy for me to get to sleep, because I can’t sleep during the day it’s easier for me to fall asleep because of the tiredness.

What can people do to make sure they get a good night’s sleep?

Firstly it’s important to have a comfortable bed and no lights around, especially artificial lights. Also you can try getting tired during the day so falling asleep goes faster.

5. Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. Sometimes both options are possible.

1. I have to get up at 6a.m. for my new job. It’s difficult because I’m not used to getting up so early.
2. Joao has lived in Brazil all his life, so he’s used to it being hot at night.
3. I used to love/would love late nights, but now I seem to need my sleep more.
4. Don’t ring me before 9a.m., as I usually get up late at the weekend.
5. When I first started working nights, it was difficult. But now I’m used/getting used to it. It isn’t a problem anymore.
6. When I was a child, I used to/would stay up late reading with a torch under the sheets.

6. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If you aren’t used to sleeping in a hammock, it can be uncomfortable.
2. I used to wake up a lot at night, but now I’m so tired I sleep really heavily.
3. I can’t get used to going to bed when it’s still light outside.
4. Did you use to have nightmares when you were a kid?
5. I found it difficult to get used to sleeping in my new bed.
6. She found it hard when she had a baby because she was used to getting plenty of sleep.

7. Write an expression from the article in exercise 3 which has a similar (S) or an opposite (O) meaning to these ideoms.

1. get up at the crack of dawn (O) — falling asleep unintentionally during the day
2. fast asleep (O) — wide awake
3. falling asleep (S) — nodding off
4. be a light sleeper (O) — sleep like a log
5. sleep soundly all night (O) — lie in
6. have a nap (S) — have a snooze

8a. Complete the idioms.

1. Given the choice, would you prefer to have lie in or to get up at the crack of dawn.
2. How quickly do you usually nodd off at night?
3. Are you a light sleeper, or do you sleep like a log?
4. When was the last time you had a night where you didn’t sleep a wink?
5. Have your sleep habits changed? DId you use to falling asleep more quickly?
6. Have you had to get used to different amount of sleep?
7. Do you ever have a snooze during the day?

Watch the video, Traditional Skills, and do the exercises 3,4, on slide 85
Navigate Review slide 86, ex-es 1a, 2, 3a,b,4, 5a, 6a

3. Which of these are mentioned?

a. China’s population
b. China’s shift from rural to urban society
c. the invention of paper
d. traditional paper-making methods
e. other Chinese invntions
f. modern paper-manufacturing methods

4. Complete the summary with words from the box.

Over the last 35 years, China has changed from a rural society to one of the world’s most technologically advanced societies, producing 90% of the world’s computers. However, China is also responsible for the invention of paper. In Shiqiao village, paper is still made using traditional techniques. For example, tree branches are cut down by hand, bark removed and washed in a local river. Next, there are a number of long, painstaking processes. The final product is a beautiful paper, thicker than mass-produced paper, with a texture similar to fabric. It is used to make products such as notebooks and landerns. It is expensive but made to last for a long time.

1a. Read the article and replace who and which with that where possible.

Technology myths and truths

1. The most economical speed at which you can drive your car is 89 kilometres per hour.
2. The metal detectors that you walk through at airports can damage electronic devices like laptops.
3. Some of the fires that have occurred at petrol stations have been caused by the electromagnetic radiation that comes from mobile phones.
4. Aeroplane passengers who don’t switch off their electronic devices during take-off and landing are putting lives at risk.
5. A phone battery lasts longer if you close all apps that are open.
6. Fibre-optic broadband, which is made of thin glass or plastic fibres, works faster than ordinary broadband.

2. Complete the questions with the present or past participle form of the verbs in brackets.

Can you think of…

1. a word beginning with arr-?
2. a device invented in the 21st century?
3. a vegetable introduced to Europe from South America in the Columbian Exchange?
4. an adjective used to describe a person who refuses to change their opinion or attitude?
5. a word meaning ‘new’?

3a. Which word does not collocate with the word in bold?

1. remote
2. protect
3. install
4. access

b. Complete the questions.

1. Do you like to keep up to date with the latest technology?
2. What have been the biggest achievements in technology in your field of work or study?
3. Have you ever experienced an online security issue, e.g. a hacked email or bank account?

4. Match the words to make adjectives to describe people.

1. open — b.minded
2. well — a. informed
3. tech — d. savvy
4. self — c. confident
5. easy — e. going

5a. Complete the phrases in the sentences with the correct prepositions.

1. I only recently became aware of ..
2. I try not to get involved in..
3. It’s important not to be too dependent on..
4. I’m not very sympathetic towards..
5. Italy is often associated with..

6a. Put the words in the right order.

1. It was a bit violent for my liking.
2. What I particularly liked were the costumes.
3. It was well worth seeing.
4. I wasn’t that impressed by it.
5. It didn’t live up to my expectations.

Navigate Reading: Generation X, Y, Z, slide 79, ex 3
Navigate slide 84, ex 6 a, Gifford’s Circus

3. Match profiles A-D to generations 1-4 in exercise 2.

A. Baby Boomers
B. Generation Y
C. Generation Z
D. Gneration X

6a. Complete the online review of a circus show with words from the box.

Review: Gifford’s Circus

When I won tickets for Glifford’s Circus in a competition, I wasn’t convinced I’d enjoy it. In fact, I nearly gave the tickets away. Thank goodness I didn’t, as it turned out to be one of the most thrilling shows I’ve ever seen!

The secret of its appeal is that it combines the charm of a small, old-fashioned circus with world-class talent from performers recruited from countries as far afield as Russia, China, Ethiopia.The ninety-minute show includes a huge variety of breathtaking displays: acrobats, gymnasts, fire-throwing jugglers and performing animals, all of which are accompanied by live music. What makes it unusual is that all the acts are linked by a story, so it’s more than just a series of individual, unrelated performances.

The fire-throwing jugglers went down very well with the audience, as did the man who added chair after chair to an impossibly tall tower on which he was balancing, I could barely look!

For me, the highlight of the show was the animals: a magnificent horse ridden by the circus owner, dogs jumping through hoops and riding horseback, and the most enormous turkey — and it really was huge! — strutting majestically round the ring. It was an extraordinary sight!

Gifford’s describes itself as a ‘humane circus’, and treats its animals kindly. Their dogs, for example, are rescue dogs, abandoned by their previus owners, and trained to perform using treats and rewards, nor punishment. They certainly seemed well cared for.

This show is on until the end of the month. If you get a chance to go, take it. You won’t be dissapointed. A word of advice: take a cushion, as the seats are wooden benches.

Watch the video, Against the Law? , do the ex-es 1,2,4, slide 75
Destination C1 Vocabulary Change and Technology Unit 4/ slide 28

1. Match the words from box A to words from box B to make collocations.

A common — B sense, A legal — B statue, A major — B crimes, A minor — B misdemeanour, A prison — B sentence

2. All the actions in the list below are crimes somewhere in the world. Do you think they should be crimes? Is so, are they major crimes or minor misdemeanours? What punishment should they receive (if any) — a caution, a fine, a prison sentence?

• driving while sleeping
  I think this is a crime, more closely a minor misdemeanour. The punishment should be a fine.
• selling cabbage on a Sunday
  I don’t think this is a crime and shouldn’t be punished.
• building sandcastles on the beach
  I don’t think this is a crime and it shouldn’t be punished.
• forgetting your wife’s birthday
  I don’t think this is a crime, even though it’s a very bad action. It shouldn’t be punished.
• making funny faces at police dogs
  I don’t think this is a crime and it shouldn’t be punished.
• feeding the homeless
  I don’t think this is a crime and it shouldn’t be punished.

4. Decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. British Members of Parliament can wear armour to work if they wish. T
2. The Italian police felt that flip-flops weren’t smart enough to be worn in public. T
3. Different states in the USA have different laws. T
4. The law about police dogs wasn’t intended to include funny faces. T
5. In 1644, the English government banned Christmas. F
6. Eating mince pies is still illegal in England. F

First impressions can be quite important in many different settings, but they’re particularly impactful in the professional world. Whether in job interviews, client meetings, or sales, making a positive first impression can significantly influence your career. Since people often remember the beginnings of things more than what follows, a strong first impression makes you more memorable and unique among the many others they meet.

A first impression is an opinion formed within a minute or two, based largely on assumptions and physical observations. People’s assumptions often dictate or at least influence their behavior, which means a first impression can shape how someone views and treats you for a long time. If your first impression communicates positive traits, it can lead to further positive assumptions about you.

Human beings are built to size each other up quickly, relying on external factors such as facial shape, vocal inflection, attractiveness, and general emotional state. Once people form an initial impression, they tend to get attached to it and find it difficult to change their opinion, even when presented with evidence to the contrary.

Navigate Reading The Carrot or The Stick slides 72/73
Watch the Vox Pop “Rules” and answer the questions
Navigate Past Modals slide 150, ex-es 2,3

Are you expected to work or check emails or mobile phones outside working hours? How do you feel about that?

In our school we are expected to check our emails, because there can be important ones, for example about meetings, events and so on. I feel okay about it, there aren’t a lot of emails and it’s definitely not like the working peoples’ emails.

What do you find motivates you to workhard? Do you respond better to a stick or a carrot?

I think the vision of the result and the good feeling you get afterward are what motivate me. Of course higher grades motivate me too. I respond better to a carrot, because responding to a stick and being afraid of punishment is really stressful and distracting. When you respond better to a carrot you work hard for great result, and the greater the result the better the reward.

2. Complete the conversations using an appropriate modal verb of deduction and the verb in brackets.

1. A Where on earth are Olga and Bogdan? They should’ve been here half an hour ago.
   B Well, they may have gotten lost. They’ve never been here before, I don’t think.
2. A The bill is $75!
   B That can’t be right. I think they must have overcharged us.
3. A Erica hasn’t been in touch yet.
   B Well, she might not have gotten your message asking her to call you.
4. A I had a drink with Andrew Horton last night.
   B That can’t have been fun! He just seems to talk about work all the time, doesn’t he?
5. A I didn’t see you at the reception last night.
   B Oh, we migh have just missed each other. I left quite early — at about 7.30 a.m.

3. Complete the second sentence using an appropriate modal verb of deduction so the meaning is the same.

1. Maybe she missed the bus.
   She might’ve missed the bus.
2. I’m sure there was some mistake.
   There must’ve been a mistake.
3. Perhaps he didn’t understand.
   He might’ve not understood.
4. I’m sure they didn’t realize.
   They could’ve not realized.
5. It’s possible Karen went home early.
   Karen might’ve gone home early.