When exactly is Christmas Day?

No one knows when Jesus was born. Early Christians tried to calculate the date of Christ’s birth when Mary was told she was pregnant. If this is taken as the conception of Christ, nine months later it is 25 December.

Others say Jesus and Mohammed shared the same birthday. Mohammed was born on the 12th of the Muslim month of Rabi-ul-awal in the 7th century which this year was celebrated in April. Muslims use a lunar calendar, so Mohammed’s birthday will eventually fall in December. Most Eastern Orthodox churches celebrate Christmas on 7 January.

Christmas was first celebrated on 25 December in the 5th century in the time of the Constantine, the first Christian Roman emperor.

Read the text, translate it.

Answer the questions.

• Did it snow last year at Christmas?

No, it didn’t snow last year at Christmas.

• Did you believe in Santa Claus when you were a child?

Yes, I believed in Santa Claus when were a child.

• Did you enjoy last Christmas?

Yes, I enjoyed last Christmas very much.

• Do people behave differently during Christmas?

Yes, people behaved differently during Christmas.

• • Do they try to be better?

Yes, they tried to be better.

• • Do you donate something (money, clothes…) to charities?

Yes, we donate toys and clothes to charities.

• Do you celebrate Christmas in your country?

Yes, we do.

• Do you celebrate Christmas in a special way?

Yes, we eat fish and vegetables that day.

• Do you celebrate Christmas in a traditional way?

No, we don’t.

• Do you enjoy Christmas time?

Yes, I do.a

• Do you enjoy singing Christmas songs?

Not very much.

• Do you exchange presents with your friends at school?

Yes, we do it.

• Do you go to church on Christmas day?

No, we don’t.

• Do you hang up a stocking?

No, we don’t.

• Do you have a Christmas party at school?

No, we don’t have a Christmas party at school.

• Do you have a Christmas tree?

Yes, of course.

• • If so, how do you decorate it?

We decorate it with Christmas toys, artificial snow and christmas star.

• • When do you put it up?

We put it up at December 15.

• • When do you take it down?

We put it down at January 30.

• • Is it real or artificial?

It’s artificial.

a Read the text. Who is Sally? Who is Paula? Write Sally or Paula under the pictures.

               1. Sally                               2. Paula

b Read the text again. Write T (true) or F (false). Correct the false statements.

1 Sally and Paula have got big families.  F

2 Sally’s got three sisters.  F

3 Sally doesn’t like her sisters.  F

4 People and chimpanzees have very different DNA.  F

a Look at the text on page 40 again and the example. Then answer the question.

Why are chimpanzees and people similar? Because they’ve got similar DNA.

Why is Sally happy when she eats chocolate? Because she loves chocolate very much.

b Look at the examples. Then complete the table.

She’s got four fingers and thumb on her hand.

She hasn’t got a big family.

They’ve got similar DNA.

c Complete the sentences with the correct form of have (not) got.

1 Have you got a new camera? It looks cool.

2 My aunt has got a house in the country. I often go and see her at the weekend.

3 Let’s watch a DVD. I have got lots of them.

4 Has your brother got a bike?

5 They have got a new drummer in their band. She’s great.

6 This computer is too expensive for me. I haven’t got enough money to buy it.

7 Have they got a dog?

8 I haven’t got your phone number. Can you tell me what it is?

d Make true sentences about you and your family. Use the correct form of have (not) got.

1 I have got a big family.

2 We have got a big house.

3 My best friend has got a brother.

4 I have got a bicycle.

5 I have got a computer.

6 I have got a sister.

Write the words from the boxes in the spaces. Then check and repeat.

1. Eye
2. Ear
3. Face
4. Thumb
5. Hand
6. Hair
7. Nose
8. Mouth
9. Arm
10. Finger
11. Leg
12. Foot

b.Read the story again. Match the beginnings and endings.

1c Jo is in a half-marathon race.

2e The four friends want to go and watch the race.

3f They think the race starts at 11 o’clock.

4a They ask a woman for directions to Gordon Park.

5b When they get to the park, the race is finished.

6d Jo is very happy to see the four friends.

a Find the expressions in the story. Who says them?

1 Kate: Really?

2 Mark: Wait a minute.

3 Darren: I have no idea.

4 Jo: … actually, …

b How do you say each of the expressions in your language?

Realy? – Իսկապե՞ս

Wait a minute. – Սպասեք մի րոպե

I have no idea. – Գաղափար չունեմ

Actually. – Իրականում

c Read the dialogue and put the sentences in the correct order. Then listen and check your answers.

2. Dan: I have no idea. Let’s look at the map again.
3. Dan: Good. Now …
4. Dan: Well, actually Julie, that’s the wrong map.
5. Julie: Where are we, Dan?
6. Julie: Really? Oh yes – I’m sorry. Wait a minute. OK, here’s the right map.
7. Julie: OK. The map’s in my backpack. Here it is.

d Complete the dialogues with the expressions from Exercise 9a.

1 A: I love The Flaming Lips – they’re great!

   B: Really? I don’t like them at all!

2 A: I’ve got a DVD of a great film. Let’s watch it.

   B: Well, actually, I’m very tired. Can we watch it tomorrow?

3 A: Paula – who’s that boy over there?

   B: I have no idea. Let’s go and ask his name!

4 A: Where’s the park?

   B: I don’t know. Wait a minute! Look! I think that’s the park, over there!

Hi! My name is Nane and I want to tell you about autumn. Autumn is very beautiful and colorful. It is after summer and before winter. Autumn has three months: September, October and November. Autumn is the third of seasons. It is very colorful. There are a lot of colores: red, orange, yellow and many other colors. In October is Halloween and in September we start school. I like autumn very much.

WHITE WINES DO NOT NEED TO BE LEFT VERY LONG, WHILE RED WINES ARE USUALLY LEFT
FOR TWO TO THREE YEARS BEFORE THEY ARE BOTTLED. ONCE THEY ARE BOTTLED, SOME RED WINES ARE AGED UP TO 20
YEARS BEFORE THEY ARE DRUNK.

Bottled — շշալցված

Սպիտակ գինին պետք չէ շատ երկար թողնել, իսկ կարմիր գինին թողնում են երկուսից երեք տարի մինչև իրենց լցնում են շշերի մեջ։ Հենց նրանք շշերի մեջ են լինում կարմիր գինիներից միքանիսը թողնում են շշերով մոտ քսան տարի մինչև դրանք խմեն։

My mother

My mothers name is Zaruhi Tavadyan. She’s 39 years old. My mother works in hospital with my father. She is very kind, beautiful and always helps me when needed. I love her very much and she, too.

Read the text

                                          FAMOUS THINGS

                                                  WINE

WINE IS AN ALCOHOLIC DRINK THAT IS MOST OFTEN MADE FROM THE JUICE OF GRAPES.
WINE GRAPES ARE PLACED IN LARGE CONTAINERS, THEN CRUSHED OR PRESSED TO REMOVE THEIR JUICE. IF WHITE WINE
IS BEING MADE, THE GRAPE SKINS ARE TAKEN OUT OF THE JUICE. FOR RED WINE, THE SKINS ARE LEFT IN. THE JUICE
IS THEN FERMENTED. FERMENTATION TAKES PLACE WHEN YEAST TURNS THE NATURAL SUGARS FOUND IN GRAPES INTO
ALCOHOL. THE SKINS OF GRAPES HAVE YEAST ON THEM, SO YEAST DOES NOT HAVE TO BE ADDED TO MAKE RED WINE
BUT IS ADDED TO MAKE WHITE WINE. FERMENTATION TAKES FROM 10 TO 30 DAYS.
AFTER THE GRAPE JUICE HAS FERMENTED, ANY MATERIAL THAT HAS SETTLED TO THE BOTTOM OF THE CONTAINER,
INCLUDING MOST OF THE YEAST, IS FILTERED OUT, OR REMOVED. THEN THE WINE IS PUT INTO LARGE WOODEN
CONTAINERS AND LEFT TO AGE. WHITE WINES DO NOT NEED TO BE LEFT VERY LONG, WHILE RED WINES ARE USUALLY LEFT
FOR TWO TO THREE YEARS BEFORE THEY ARE BOTTLED. ONCE THEY ARE BOTTLED, SOME RED WINES ARE AGED UP TO 20
YEARS BEFORE THEY ARE DRUNK.
WILD GRAPES WERE DISCOVERED ABOUT 6,000 YEARS AGO BY PEOPLE LIVING IN WHAT IS NOW IRAN AND IRAQ.
THEY PICKED THESE GRAPES AND LEARNED HOW TO MAKE THEM INTO WINE. THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND THE SEEDS OF
THESE WILD GRAPES WERE PASSED DOWN OVER THE CENTURIES, LIKELY BY TRADERS, TO OTHER PEOPLE, INCLUDING THE
ANCIENT EGYPTIANS, GREEKS, AND ROMANS. THEY GREW THESE GRAPES WHERE THEY LIVED AND MADE WINE FROM
THEM. THE CLIMATE AND SOIL OF DIFFERENT REGIONS PRODUCES DIFFERENT KINDS OF WINES.
WINE GRAPES GROW BEST IN A TEMPERATE CLIMATE, WHICH IS FOUND IN REGIONS WHERE TEMPERATURES NEVER GET
VERY HOT OR VERY COLD. IN 2002, THE COUNTRIES THAT PRODUCED THE MOST WINE WERE FRANCE, ITALY, SPAIN, THE
UNITED STATES, AND AUSTRALIA

The Process of Making White Wine – Put the following statements in the correct order.
_____ The grapes are placed in large containers.
_____ Yeast is added to the juice.
_____ The grape skins are taken out of the juice.
_____ The wine is left to age.
_____ The grapes are crushed to remove the juice.
_____ The wine is put into large wooden containers.
_____ The juice is fermented.
_____ The material that has settled to the bottom is removed.

1. _____ The grapes are placed in large containers.
2. _____ The grapes are crushed to remove the juice.
3. _____ The grape skins are taken out of the juice.
4. _____ Yeast is added to the juice.
5. _____ The juice is fermented.
6. _____ The material that has settled to the bottom is removed.
7. _____ The wine is put into large wooden containers.
8. _____ The wine is left to age.

а Look at the examples. Then complete the table and the rule.

There are now 80 open-top buses.

There’s a great collection of things from the world of rock music.

Are there any old guitars in the Hard Rock Cafe?

Is there a market in Covent Garden?

RULE: There …… a/an + singular nouns. There …… + plural nouns. Use any in …… and negative sentences with plural nouns.

There’s a cinema. There are students. Use any in …… and negative sentences with plural nouns. There aren’t any children in class.

B Complete the sentences. Use There’s / There isn’t or There are / aren’t any.

1 There’s a wonderful Scince Museum in London.

2 There isn’t a model of me in Madame Tussauds!

3 There are some delicious drinks at the Hard Rock Café.

4 There is a good café in the Tate Modern.

5 There aren’t any a lot of people in Covent Garden today.

6 There aren’t any seats in the cafe at the moment.

a Write the names of the place under the pictures.

Library, railway station, newsagent, supermarket, chemist, bank, bookshop, park, post office

1. Make questions about your town or city.

A: Is there a museum in your town?

Yes, there is. It is in the center of Yerevan.

B: Are there any good bookshops in your town?

Yes, there are many good bookshops in Yerevan.

c Where do you do these things?

You buy shampoo in a chemist or supermarket.

1 buy shampoo

2 send a parcel

3 catch a train

4 buy stamps

5 change money

6 buy milk

7 play football

8 buy a magazine

a Look at the examples and the rule.

Go on a Big Bus tour!

Come to the Hard Rock Cafe and try the food.

RULES: Use the base form of the verb (infinitive without to)

b Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 Change       f money here.

2 Buy             b stamps here.

3 Watch         e this film, it’s great!

4 Listen          a to your teacher.

5 Pay              c for travel cards here.

6 Sit                d down, please.

1. Դասարանում կա սեղան։

There is a table in the classroom.

Is there a table in the classroom?

There isn’t a table in the classroom.

2. Այգում կան ծաղիկներ։

There are flowers in the garden.

Are there flowers in the garden?

There aren’t flowers in the garden.

3. Սեղանի վրա կան գրքեր։

There are books on the table.

Are there books on the table?

There aren’t book on the table

4. Բակում կան տղաներ։

There are boys in the yard.

Are there boys in the yard?

There aren’t boys in the yard.

5. Սեղանի մոտ կա ուսուցիչ։

There is a teacher near the table.

Is there a teacher near the table?

There isn’t a teacher near the table.

a Read Jenny’s webpage her family. Write names under the pictures.

Hi, I’m Jenny Groves. I’m 15 and I live in Bristol. I love it – it’s a fantastic city!

This is my sister Annie – she’s 13. We go shopping together at the weekends. My brother Andy’s 18. He works in a shop in town. He’s OK, but we have fights sometimes.

This is my father – his name’s Mark. He’s 44, and he’s a teacher. My mother’s name is Susan – she’s 44, too, and she works in a bank.

My grandparent’s names are Arthur and Lynne. They’re great! They live in Reading, near London.

Jenny, Arthur and Lynne, Father, Andy, Mother, Annie

b Write a paragraph about your family. Use Jenny’s webpage to help you.

Hi! My name is Nane. I’m eleven. I have brother, but we have fights sometimes. His name is Areg. He is eight. I have mother. Her name is Zara. She is 39. She works in the hospital. I love my mother very much. I have father. His name is Samson. He is 39. He works in the hospital, too. I love him very much. I have two grandmothers. One of them is 70 years old, and another grandmother is 92 years old. I love them very much.

b Read the text again and listen. Complete the missing information in the table.